Food insecurity affects over one-fifth of Italy’s population, exacerbating chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This study explores how the Mediterranean diet, known for its health benefits, can mitigate these disparities. Through hands-on experiences in Italy, market observations, stakeholder interviews, and data analysis, the project highlights the potential for integrating traditional dietary practices with modern health initiatives. Recommendations include supporting local food systems, enhancing financial access to fresh foods, and promoting the Mediterranean diet as a model for public health improvement.